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Summary
This article describes how to identify a damaged document in Word 2007 and later versions. Additionally, this article includes steps that explain how to recover the text and data that is contained in a document after you have identified the document as damaged.
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This article is intended for a beginning to intermediate computer user.You may find it easier to follow the steps if you print this article first.
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A damaged document or a software issue?
A Word document can become corrupted for several reasons that will prevent you from opening it. This behavior may be related to damage to the document or to the template on which the document is based. This behavior might include the following:
Repeatedly renumbers the existing pages in the document
Repeatedly redoes the page breaks in the document
Incorrect document layout and formatting
Unreadable characters on the screen
Error messages during processing
A computer that stops responding when you open the file
Any other unexpected behavior that cannot be attributed to the typical operation of the program
Sometimes, this behavior can be caused by factors other than document damage. It is important to determine whether the document is damaged or whether the problem is a software issue. To eliminate these other factors, follow these steps:
Look for similar behavior in other documents. Try to open other Word documents to see whether the same problem occurs. If they open correctly, then the problem might be with the Word document.
Look for similar behavior in other Microsoft Office programs. If this is the case, then the issue might be with another application or the operating system.
If any of these steps indicate that the problem is not in the document, you will then have to troubleshoot Word, the Office suite, or the operating system that is running on the computer.
Troubleshooting steps to try if the damaged document does not open
Try the methods in the order given. If one does not work for you, try the next one.
Method 1: Open the damaged document in draft mode without updating links
Step 1: Configure Word
Start Word.
On the View tab, select Draft in the Views group.
Select the File Menu, and then Options, and then Advanced.
In the Show document content section, select Use draft font in Draft and Outline views and Show picture placeholders.
Scroll down to the General section, clear the check box Update automatic links at open, select OK, and then close Word.
Step 2: Open the damaged document
Start Word.
Select the File Menu, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
If you can open the document, close the document and then reopen it by using method 6, and repair the document. Otherwise go to method 2.
Method 2: Insert the document as a file in a new document
Step 1: Create a new blank document
Select the File Menu, and then select New.
Select Blank document, and then select Create.
Note
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Step 2: Insert the damaged document into the new document
On the Insert tab, select Insert Object, and then select Text From File.
In the Insert File dialog box, locate and then select the damaged document. Then, select Insert.
Note
You might have to reapply some formatting to the last section of the new document.
Method 3: Create a link to the damaged document
Step 1: Create blank document
In Word, select the File Menu, and then select New.
Select Blank document, and then select Create.
In the new document, type 'This is a test.'
Select the File Menu, and then select Save.
Type 'Rescue link,' and then select Save.
Step 2: Create link
Select the text you typed in step 1-3.
On the Home tab, select Copy in the Clipboard group.
Select the File Menu, and then select New.
Select Blank document, and then select Create.
On the Home tab, select the arrow on the Paste button in the Clipboard group, and then select Paste Special.
Select Paste link, select Formatted Text (RTF).
Select OK.
Step 3: Change the link to the damaged document
Right-click the linked text in the document, point to Linked Document Object, and then select Links.
In the Links dialog box, select the file name of the linked document, and then select Change Source.
In the Change Source dialog box, select the document that you cannot open, and then select Open.
Select OK to close the Links dialog box.
Note
The information from the damaged document will appear if there was any recoverable data or text.
Right-click the linked text, point to Linked Document Object, and then select Links.
In the Links dialog box, select Break Link.
When you receive the following message, select Yes: Are you sure you want to break the selected links?
Method 4: Use the 'Recover Text from Any File' converter
Note
The 'Recover Text from Any File' converter has limitations. For example, document formatting is lost. Additionally, graphics, fields, drawing objects, and any other items that are not text are lost. However, field text, headers, footers, footnotes, and endnotes are retained as simple text.
In Word, select the File Menu, and then select Open.
In the Files of type box, select Recover Text from Any File(.).
Select the document from which you want to recover the text.
Select Open.
After the document is recovered by using the 'Recover Text from Any File' converter, there is some binary data text that is not converted. This text is primarily at the start and end of the document. You must delete this binary data text before you save the file as a Word document.
Note
If you are using Word 2007 and there is not a file button in the User Interface, choose the Office Button and follow the directions when necessary.
Troubleshooting steps to try if you can open the damaged document
Method 1: Copy everything except the last paragraph mark to a new document
Step 1: Create a new document
In Word, select File on the Ribbon, and then select New.
Select Blank document, and then select Create.
Step 2: Open the damaged document
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
Step 3: Copy the contents of document, and then paste the contents into the new document
Note
If your document contains section breaks, copy only the text between the sections breaks. Do not copy the section breaks because this may bring the damage into your new document. Change the document view to draft view when you copy and paste between documents to avoid transferring section breaks. To change to draft view, on the View tab, select Draft in the Document Views group.
In the damaged document, press CTRL+END, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+HOME.
On the Home tab, select Copy in the Clipboard group.
On the View tab, select Switch Windows in the Window group.
Select the new document that you created in step 1.
On the Home tab, select Paste in the Clipboard group.
If the strange behavior persists, go to method 8.
Method 2: Change the template that is used by the document
Step 1: Determine the template that is used by the document
Open the damaged document in Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Options.
Select Add-Ins.
In the Manage box, select Templates under View and manage Office add-ins.
Select Go.
The Document template box will list the template that is used by the document. If the template that is listed is Normal, go to step 2. Otherwise, go to step 3.
Step 2: Rename the global template (Normal.dotm)
Exit Word.
Select the Start button.
In your operating system, search for normal.dotm. It's typically found in this location: %userprofile%appdataroamingmicrosofttemplates
Right-click Normal.dotm, and then select Rename.
Type 'Oldword.old', and then press ENTER.
Close File Explorer.
Start Word, and then open the document.
Step 3: Change the document template
Open the damaged document in Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Options.
Select Add-Ins.
In the Manage box, select Templates, and then select Go.
Select Attach.
In the Templates folder, select Normal.dotm, and then select Open.
Select OK to close the Templates and Add-ins dialog box.
Exit Word.
Step 4: Verify that changing templates worked.
Start Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Options.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
If the strange behavior persists, go to method 3.
Method 3: Start Word using default settings
You can use the /a switch to start Word by using only the default settings in Word. When you use the /a switch, Word does not load any add-ins. Additionally, Word does not use your existing Normal.dotm template. Restart Word by using the /a switch.
Step 1: Start Word by using the /a switch
Exit Word.
Select the Start button and search for Run. In the Run dialog box type the following:
winword.exe /a
Step 2: Open the document
In Word, select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
If the strange behavior persists, go to method 4.
Method 4: Change printer drivers
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Step 1: Try a different printer driver
In your operating system search for Devices and Printers.
Select Add a printer.
In the Add Printer dialog box, select Add a local printer.
Select Use an existing port, and then select Next.
In the Manufacturer list, select Microsoft.
Select Microsoft XPS Document Writer, and then select Next.
Select Use the driver that is currently installed (recommended), and then select Next.
Select to select the Set as the default printer check box, and then select Next.
Select Finish.
Step 2: Verify that changing printer drivers fixes the problem
Start Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
If the strange behavior persists, go to step 3.
Step 3: Reinstall original printer driver.
Windows 10 and Windows 7
In your operating system search for Printers.
Select the original default printer, and then select Delete.
If you are prompted for an administrator password or for a confirmation, type the password, or select Continue.
If you are prompted to remove all the files that are associated with the printer, select Yes.
Select Add a printer or scanner, and then follow the instructions in the Add Printer Wizard to reinstall the printer driver.
Step 4: Verify that changing printer drivers fixes the problem
Start Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
If the strange behavior persists, go to method 5.
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Method 5: Force Word to try to repair a file
Step 1: Repair document
In Word, select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
In the Open dialog box, click once to highlight your Word document.
Select the arrow on the Open button, and then select Open and Repair.
Step 2: Verify that repairing the document fixes the problem
Verify that the strange behavior no longer occurs. If the strange behavior persists, restart Windows, and then go to method 6.
Method 6: Change the document format, and then convert the document back to the Word format
Step 1: Open the document
Start Word.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
Step 2: Save the document in a different file format
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Save as.
Select Other Formats.
In the Save as file type list, select Rich Text Format (*.rtf).
Select Save.
Select File on the Ribbon, and then select Close.
Step 3: Open the document, and then convert document back to Word file format
In Word, select File, and then select Open.
Select the converted document, and then select Open.
Select File, and then select Save as.
Choose Word Document for the Save As type.
Rename the document's file name, and then select Save.
Step 4: Verify that converting the document file format fixes the problem
Verify that the strange behavior no longer occurs. If the behavior persists, try to save the file in another file format. Repeat step 1 to step 4, and then try to save the file in the following file formats, in the following order:
Webpage (.htm; .html)
Any other word processing format
Plain Text (.txt)
Note
When you save files in the Plain Text (.txt) format, you might resolve the damage to the document. However, all document formatting, macro codes, and graphics are lost. When you save files in the Plain Text (.txt) format, you must reformat the document. Therefore, use the Plain Text (.txt) format only if the other file formats do not resolve the problem.
If the strange behavior persists, go to method 7.
Method 7: Copy the undamaged parts of the damaged document to a new document
Step 1: Create a new document
In Word, select File, and then select New.
Select Blank document, and then select Create.
Step 2: Open the damaged document
Select File, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
Step 3: Copy the undamaged parts of document, and then paste the undamaged parts to the new document
Note
If your document contains section breaks, copy only the text between the sections breaks. Do not copy the section breaks because this might bring the damage into your new document. Change the document view to draft view when you copy and paste between documents to avoid transferring section breaks. To change to draft view, on the View tab, select Draft in the Document Views group.
In the damaged document, locate and then select an undamaged part of the document's contents.
On the Home tab, select Copy in the Clipboard group.
On the View tab, select Switch Windows in the Window group.
Select the new document that you created in step 1.
On the Home tab, select Paste in the Clipboard group.
Repeat steps 3a to 3e for each undamaged part of the document. You must reconstruct the damaged sections of your document.
Method 8: Switch the document view to remove the damaged content
If the document appears to be truncated (not all pages in the document are displayed), it might be possible to switch the document view and remove the damaged content from the document.
Determine the page number on which the damaged content is causing the document to appear to be truncated.
In Word, select File, and then select Open.
Select the damaged document, and then select Open.
Scroll to view the last page that is displayed before the document appears to be truncated. Make a note of the content which appears on that page.
Switch views, and then remove the damaged content.
On the View tab in the Document Views group, select Web Layout or Draft view.
Scroll to view the content that was displayed before the document appeared to be truncated.
Select and delete the next paragraph, table, or object in the file.
On the View tab in the Document Views group, select Print Layout. If the document continues to appear to be truncated, continue to switch views and delete content until the document no longer appears truncated in Print Layout view.
Save the document.
Method 9: Open the document with Notepad
If the document is corrupted and none of the previous methods work, try to recover its content by opening the document with Notepad.
Note
By using this method, you will lose all formatting. The intention is to recover the content.
Locate the damaged document using Windows File Explorer.
Right click the document and select Open with.
Select Notepad:
The document will open in Notepad with extra code and text around the content.
Note
You may have to change the file type from 'Text Documents (.txt)' to 'All Files (.*)'.
Clean the text by deleting all or most of the extra characters.
Select File, and then select Save As… Rename the document to make sure that you don't overwrite the damaged one.
Go back to Word and open the new document. Once in Word, you can clean it up and try to reapply the lost format.
With Office 2011 for Mac, you can check spelling and grammar in languages other than English. Word 2011 for Mac comes with foreign-language dictionaries such as Czech, French, Russian, and more. The default dictionary determines which language’s proofing tools Word uses for spelling and grammar.
You can change Word’s default language dictionary:
Choose Tools→Language.
The Language dialog opens, and you see a list of languages.
Select the new language to use and click the Default button.
Click Yes to change Word’s default spelling and grammar checking language to the language you selected.
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Click OK to close the Language dialog.
There may come a time where you want to use a different language for only a portion of your document. You can also use the Language feature to change the language of just the selected text:
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Select a word or passage in the text.
Choose Tools→Language from the menu bar.
Select a language to use.
Click OK to close the Language dialog.
Choose Tools→Spelling and Grammar.
The selection will have a different spelling and grammar language applied to them and will be checked against the proofing tools for the language selected using the Language dialog. The rest of the document will be checked against Word’s default spelling and grammar language.
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Making these modifications to the Language setting doesn’t change the language that’s used for the Office interface. If you want the entire Office interface to be in a particular language, you have to purchase and install an Office version that’s customized for the particular language you want to use.